Energy and Entropy

Glenn Elert

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Resources

General
- About Temperature. Beverly T. Lynds. University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR).
- The Arrow of Time. Nigel Bunce and Jim Hunt. Science Corner. No. 247 (n.d.).
- How to teach statistical thermal physics in an introductory physics course. Koo-Chul Lee. American Journal of Physics. Vol. 69 No. 1 (2001) 68.
Historical
- Sadi Carnot
  - Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu et sur les machines propres à développer cette puissance. (1825).
  - Reflections on the Motive Power of Heat and on Machines Fitted to Develop that Power. Translated by R.H. Thurston, second edition (1897).
- On the Dynamical Theory of Heat, with numerical results deduced from Mr. Joule's equivalent of a Thermal Unit, and M. Regnault's Observations on Steam. Baron Kelvin of Largs. Philosophical Magazine. Vol. 4 (1852).
- Ueber verschiedene für die Anwendung bequeme Formen der Hauptgleichungen der mechanischen Wärmetheorie. Rudolf Clausius. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Vol. 125 No. 7 (1865): 353–400.
Humor
- Christian Right Lobbies to Overturn Second Law of Thermodynamics. The Onion (2000).
- Pup ponders the heat death of the universe. An oversized, online comic strip by Drew Weing.
Information theory
- General
  - A Short Course in Information Theory. David J.C. MacKay. Cavendish Laboratory (January 1995).
  - Shannon Day @ Bell Labs. Includes copies of his seminal 1948 paper "A Mathematical Theory of Communication".
- Language
  - Prediction and Entropy of Printed English. Claude E. Shannon. Bell Systems Technical Journal. Vol. 30 No. 50 (1951): 50–64.
    - pdf copy at Princeton University
    - pdf copy at the Weizmann Institute of Science
  - Shannon's Experiment to Calculate the Entropy of English (Java Applet). Adriano M. Garsia, D. Little, T. Mastro and M. Zabrocki. Penn State University.
  - Statistically speaking, Indus script is a language. Physics Today. Vol. 62 No. 6 (2009): 19–20.
  - Entropic Evidence for Linguistic Structure in the Indus Script. Rajesh P.N. Rao, Nisha Yadav, Mayank N. Vahia, Hrishikesh Joglekar, R. Adhikari, Iravatham Mahadevan. Science. Vol. 324. No. 5931 (2009): 1165.
- Proteins
  - The Shannon information entropy of protein sequences. B.J. Strait and T.G. Dewey. Biophysical Journal. Vol. 71 No. 1 (1996): 148–155.
Negative temperature
- A Nuclear Spin System at Negative Temperature. E. M. Purcell and R. V. Pound. Physical Review. Vol. 81 No. 2 (1951): 279–280.
- Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics at Negative Absolute Temperatures. Norman F. Ramsey. Physical Review. Vol. 103 No. 1 (1956): 20–28.
- Negative Absolute Temperature for Motional Degrees of Freedom. S. Braun, J.P. Ronzheimer, M. Schreiber, S.S. Hodgman, T. Rom, I. Bloch, U. Schneider. Science. Vol. 339 No. 6115 (2013): 52-55.
Perpetual motion
- Motionless electromagnetic generator. Stephen L. Patrick, Thomas E. Bearden, James C. Hayes, Kenneth D. Moore, James L. Kenny. US Patent 6,362,718 (2002).
Violations of the second law of thermodynamics
- Experimental Demonstration of Violations of the Second Law of Thermodynamics for Small Systems and Short Time Scales. G.M. Wang, E.M. Sevick, Emil Mittag, Debra J. Searles, and Denis J. Evans. Physical Review Letters. Vol. 89 No. 5 (2002).
Video on demand
- Beakman's World/Captain Disillusion
  - BEAKMALLUSION: Free Energy Devices. CaptainDisillusion. YouTube (2016). Captain Disillusion teams up with Beakman of 'Beakman's World' to examine some free energy claims on YouTube, in the most '90s way possible.
- Brady Haran
  - Negative Temperatures are HOT. Sixty Symbols. YouTube (2013). Temperatures below absolute zero are HOTTER than those above, explains Professor Philip Moriarty.
- The Mechanical Universe and Beyond (1985)
  - Entropy. The Carnot engine, part two, with profound implications for the behavior of matter and the flow of time through the universe.