 |
The Physics Hypertextbook © 1998–2013 Glenn Elert |
No condition is permanent.
| symbol | unicode decimal value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| english name | uppercase | lowercase | uppercase | lowercase |
| alpha | Α | α | 0913 | 0945 |
| beta | Β | β, ϐ | 0914 | 0946, 0976 |
| gamma | Γ | γ | 0915 | 0947 |
| delta | Δ, ∆ | δ | 0916, 8710 | 0948 |
| epsilon | Ε | ε, ϵ | 0917 | 0949, 1013 |
| zeta | Ζ | ζ | 0918 | 0950 |
| eta | Η | η | 0919 | 0951 |
| theta | Θ, ϴ | θ, ϑ | 0920, 1012 | 0952, 0977 |
| iota | Ι | ι | 0921 | 0953 |
| kappa | Κ | κ, ϰ | 0922 | 0954, 1008 |
| lambda | Λ | λ | 0923 | 0955 |
| mu | Μ | μ, µ | 0924 | 0956, 0181 |
| nu | Ν | ν | 0925 | 0957 |
| xi | Ξ | ξ | 0926 | 0958 |
| omicron | Ο | ο | 0927 | 0959 |
| pi | Π | π, ϖ | 0928 | 0960, 0982 |
| rho | Ρ | ρ, ϱ | 0929 | 0961, 1009 |
| sigma | Σ, ∑ | σ, ς* | 0931, 8721 | 0963, 0962* |
| tau | Τ | τ | 0932 | 0964 |
| upsilon | Υ, ϒ | υ | 0933, 0978 | 0965 |
| phi | Φ | φ, ϕ | 0934 | 0966, 0981 |
| chi | Χ | χ | 0935 | 0967 |
| psi | Ψ | ψ | 0936 | 0968 |
| omega | Ω | ω | 0937 | 0969 |
| * | There are two variants of lowercase sigma. The second is used only at the end of Greek words and (to the best of my knowledge) never as a symbol by itself. |
| symbol | unicode | name |
|---|---|---|
| + | 0043 | plus, add, positive |
| − | 8722 | minus, subtract, negative |
| ± | 0177 | plus and minus, uncertainty, error |
| · | 0183 | dot product, scalar product |
| × | 0215 | cross product, vector product |
| ÷, /, ∕ | 0247, 0047, 8725 | divided by |
| = | 0061 | equal to |
| ≈ | 8776 | approximately equal to |
| ∝ | 8733 | proportional to |
| ≠ | 8800 | not equal to, inequality |
| ~ | 0127 | on the order of (tilde) |
| < | 0060 | less than |
| > | 0062 | greater than |
| ≤ | 8804 | less than or equal to |
| ≥ | 8805 | greater than or equal to |
| …, ⋯, ⋮ | 8230, 8943, 8942 | and so on (ellipsis) |
| ∴ | 8756 | therefore |
| î | n/a* | unit x vector, i hat (i with circumflex) |
| ĵ | n/a* | unit y vector, j hat (j with circumflex) |
| k̂ | n/a* | unit z vector, k hat (k with circumflex) |
| r̂ | n/a* | unit radial vector, r hat (r with circumflex) |
| θ̂ | n/a* | unit angular vector, theta hat (theta with circumflex) |
| n̂ | n/a* | unit general vector, n hat (n with circumflex) |
| ℵ | 8501 | transfinite number (alef) |
| ∂ | 8706 | partial differential |
| Δ, ∆ | 0916, 8710 | increment, change (delta) |
| ∇ | 8711 | del, nabla |
| Σ, ∑ | 0931, 8721 | summation (sigma) |
| √, ⎷ | 8730, 9143 | square root |
| ∛ | 8731 | cube root |
| ∞ | 8734 | infinity |
| ∥ | 8741 | parallel |
| ⊥ | 8869 | perpendicular (up tack) |
| ∫ | 8747 | integral |
| ∬ | 8748 | double integral |
| ∭ | 8749 | triple integral |
| ∮ | 8750 | contour integral |
| ∯ | 8751 | surface integral |
| ∰ | 8752 | volume integral |
| * | To add a hat to a symbol, follow it with a combining circumflex accent (unicode 0770). |
| symbol | unicode | name |
|---|---|---|
| ℰ | 8496 | efficiency, emf (script capital e) |
| ƒ | 0402 | frequency, friction, function (long f, f with hook) |
| ℐ | 8464 | impulse (script capital i) |
| ℓ | 8467 | length (script small l) |
| ℎ | 8462 | planck's constant |
| ℏ, ħ | 8463, 0295 | reduced planck's constant (h bar, h with stroke) |
| ° | 0176 | degree |
| ℃ | 8451 | degree celsius |
| ℉ | 8457 | degree fahrenheit |
| K | 8490 | kelvin |
| Ω | 8486 | ohm (omega) |
| ℧ | 8487 | inverse ohm, mho (inverted omega) |
| Å | 8491 | ångstrom (capital a with ring above) |
| symbol | unicode | name |
|---|---|---|
| ☉ | 9737 | sun |
| ☿ | 9791 | mercury |
| ♀ | 9792 | venus |
| ♁ | 9793 | earth |
| ☾, ☽ | 9790, 9789 | moon |
| ♂ | 9794 | mars |
| ♃ | 9795 | jupiter |
| ♄ | 9796 | saturn |
| ♅, | 9797, no code | uranus |
| ♆ | 9798 | neptune |
| ♇, | 9799, no code | pluto |
| no code | ceres | |
| ♈ | 9800 | aries |
| ♉ | 9801 | taurus |
| ♊ | 9802 | gemini |
| ♋ | 9803 | cancer |
| ♌ | 9804 | leo |
| ♍ | 9805 | virgo |
| ♎ | 9806 | libra |
| ♏ | 9807 | scorpius |
| ♐ | 9808 | sagittarius |
| ♑ | 9809 | capricorn |
| ♒ | 9810 | aquarius |
| ♓ | 9811 | pisces |
| symbol | unicode | name |
|---|---|---|
| ♭ | 9837 | flat, semitone lower |
| ♮ | 9838 | natural, no semitone adjustment |
| ♯ | 9839 | sharp, semitone higher |
| symbol | unicode | name |
|---|---|---|
| ♳ | 9843 | polyethylene terephthalate (PET or PETE) |
| ♴ | 9844 | high density polyethylene (HDPE) |
| ♵ | 9845 | polyvinyl chloride (PVC or V) |
| ♶ | 9846 | low density polyethylene (LDPE) |
| ♷ | 9847 | polypropylene (PP) |
| ♸ | 9848 | polystyrene (PS) |
| ♹ | 9849 | other (O) |
|
The Physics Hypertextbook © 1998–2013 Glenn Elert |
No condition is permanent.