| Z | element | ground shells |
ground level |
energy (eV) | uncertainty (eV) | references | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | H | hydrogen | 1s | 2S1/2 | 13.598434599702 | 0.000000000012 | HDEL |
| 002 | He | helium | 1s2 | 1S0 | 24.587389011000 | 0.000000025000 | L17714 |
| 003 | Li | lithium | 1s22s | 2S1/2 | 05.391714996000 | 0.000000022000 | L12261 |
| 004 | Be | beryllium | 1s22s2 | 1S0 | 09.322699000000 | 0.000007000000 | L5964 |
| 005 | B | boron | 1s22s22p | 2P°1/2 | 08.298019000000 | 0.000003000000 | L12312 |
| 006 | C | carbon | 1s22s22p2 | 3P0 | 11.260288000000 | 0.000001100000 | L20057 |
| 007 | N | nitrogen | 1s22s22p3 | 4S°3/2 | 14.534130000000 | 0.000040000000 | L1411 |
| 008 | O | oxygen | 1s22s22p4 | 3P2 | 13.618055000000 | 0.000007000000 | L74, L3760 |
| 009 | F | fluorine | 1s22s22p5 | 2P°3/2 | 17.422820000000 | 0.000050000000 | L7481, L526 |
| 010 | Ne | neon | 1s22s22p6 | 1S0 | 21.564541000000 | 0.000007000000 | L8826, L1407 |
| 011 | Na | sodium | [Ne]3s | 2S1/2 | 05.139076960000 | 0.000000250000 | L10921, L9648 |
| 012 | Mg | magnesium | [Ne]3s2 | 1S0 | 07.646236000000 | 0.000004000000 | L10635, L6969 |
| 013 | Al | aluminum | [Ne]3s23p | 2P°1/2 | 05.985769000000 | 0.000003000000 | L7215, L10321 |
| 014 | Si | silicon | [Ne]3s23p2 | 3P0 | 08.151680000000 | 0.000030000000 | L5815 |
| 015 | P | phosphorus | [Ne]3s23p3 | 4S°3/2 | 10.486686000000 | 0.000015000000 | L5148 |
| 016 | S | sulfur | [Ne]3s23p4 | 3P2 | 10.360016700000 | 0.000001400000 | L23116 |
| 017 | Cl | chlorine | [Ne]3s23p5 | 2P°3/2 | 12.967633000000 | 0.000016000000 | L19191 |
| 018 | Ar | argon | [Ne]3s23p6 | 1S0 | 15.759611900000 | 0.000000500000 | L9217 |
| 019 | K | potassium | [Ar]4s | 2S1/2 | 04.340663730000 | 0.000000090000 | L5451, L5783, L7185 |
| 020 | Ca | calcium | [Ar]4s2 | 1S0 | 06.113154921000 | 0.000000000500 | L22848 |
| 021 | Sc | scandium | [Ar]3d4s2 | 2D3/2 | 06.561490000000 | 0.000060000000 | L7185, L2110 |
| 022 | Ti | titanium | [Ar]3d24s2 | 3F2 | 06.828120000000 | 0.000012000000 | L17996 |
| 023 | V | vanadium | [Ar]3d34s2 | 4F3/2 | 06.746187000000 | 0.000021000000 | L17712, L20010 |
| 024 | Cr | chromium | [Ar]3d54s | 7S3 | 06.766510000000 | 0.000040000000 | L7185, L2832 |
| 025 | Mn | manganese | [Ar]3d54s2 | 6S5/2 | 07.434038000000 | 0.000001200000 | L19057 |
| 026 | Fe | iron | [Ar]3d64s2 | 5D4 | 07.902468100000 | 0.000001200000 | L7743c109 |
| 027 | Co | cobalt | [Ar]3d74s2 | 4F9/2 | 07.881010000000 | 0.000120000000 | L10545 |
| 028 | Ni | nickel | [Ar]3d84s2 | 3F4 | 07.639878000000 | 0.000017000000 | L12369 |
| 029 | Cu | copper | [Ar]3d104s | 2S1/2 | 07.726380000000 | 0.000004000000 | L14897 |
| 030 | Zn | zinc | [Ar]3d104s2 | 1S0 | 09.394197000000 | 0.000006000000 | L13951 |
| 031 | Ga | gallium | [Ar]3d104s24p | 2P°1/2 | 05.999302000000 | 0.000001200000 | L5566 |
| 032 | Ge | germanium | [Ar]3d104s24p2 | 3P0 | 07.899435000000 | 0.000012000000 | L3935, L12369 |
| 033 | As | arsenic | [Ar]3d104s24p3 | 4S°3/2 | 09.788550000000 | 0.000250000000 | L1351 |
| 034 | Se | selenium | [Ar]3d104s24p4 | 3P2 | 09.752368000000 | 0.000006000000 | L21645 |
| 035 | Br | bromine | [Ar]3d104s24p5 | 2P°3/2 | 11.813810000000 | 0.000060000000 | L351, L67 |
| 036 | Kr | krypton | [Ar]3d104s24p6 | 1S0 | 13.999605500000 | 0.000002000000 | L12196 |
| 037 | Rb | rubidium | [Kr]5s | 2S1/2 | 04.177128100000 | 0.000001200000 | L4740, L5783 |
| 038 | Sr | strontium | [Kr]5s2 | 1S0 | 05.694867450000 | 0.000000120000 | L15350, L5644 |
| 039 | Y | yttrium | [Kr]4d5s2 | 2D3/2 | 06.217260000000 | 0.000100000000 | L8844, L2111, L9735 |
| 040 | Zr | zirconium | [Kr]4d25s2 | 3F2 | 06.634126000000 | 0.000005000000 | L21107 |
| 041 | Nb | niobium | [Kr]4d45s | 6D1/2 | 06.758850000000 | 0.000040000000 | L6829 |
| 042 | Mo | molybdenum | [Kr]4d55s | 7S3 | 07.092430000000 | 0.000040000000 | L6829 |
| 043 | Tc | technetium | [Kr]4d55s2 | 6S5/2 | 07.119380000000 | 0.000030000000 | L15237 |
| 044 | Ru | ruthenium | [Kr]4d75s | 5F5 | 07.360500000000 | 0.000050000000 | L10032 |
| 045 | Rh | rhodium | [Kr]4d85s | 4F9/2 | 07.458900000000 | 0.000050000000 | L10032 |
| 046 | Pd | palladium | [Kr]4d10 | 1S0 | 08.336839000000 | 0.000010000000 | L20363 |
| 047 | Ag | silver | [Kr]4d105s | 2S1/2 | 07.576234000000 | 0.000025000000 | L11835 |
| 048 | Cd | cadmium | [Kr]4d105s2 | 1S0 | 08.993820000000 | 0.000016000000 | L18843 |
| 049 | In | indium | [Cd]5p | 2P°1/2 | 05.786355800000 | 0.000000500000 | L21649 |
| 050 | Sn | tin | [Cd]5p2 | 3P0 | 07.343918000000 | 0.000012000000 | L3936 |
| 051 | Sb | antimony | [Cd]5p3 | 4S°3/2 | 08.608389000000 | 0.000012000000 | L8844, L6684 |
| 052 | Te | tellurium | [Cd]5p4 | 3P2 | 09.009808000000 | 0.000006000000 | L21109 |
| 053 | I | iodine | [Cd]5p5 | 2P°3/2 | 10.451236000000 | 0.000025000000 | L13998, L22518 |
| 054 | Xe | xenon | [Cd]5p6 | 1S0 | 12.129843700000 | 0.000001500000 | L12013, L9794, L6426 |
| 055 | Cs | cesium | [Xe]6s | 2S1/2 | 03.893905727430 | 0.000000000170 | L19479 |
| 056 | Ba | barium | [Xe]6s2 | 1S0 | 05.211664600000 | 0.000001200000 | L6347, L9224 |
| 057 | La | lanthanum | [Xe]5d6s2 | 2D3/2 | 05.576900000000 | 0.000600000000 | L3974, L16228 |
| 058 | Ce | cerium | [Xe]4f5d6s2 | 1G°4 | 05.538600000000 | 0.000400000000 | L4277 |
| 059 | Pr | praseodymium | [Xe]4f36s2 | 4I°9/2 | 05.470200000000 | 0.000400000000 | L19006 |
| 060 | Nd | neodymium | [Xe]4f46s2 | 5I4 | 05.524750000000 | 0.000050000000 | L23155 |
| 061 | Pm | promethium | [Xe]4f56s2 | 6H°5/2 | 05.581870000000 | 0.000040000000 | L20992 |
| 062 | Sm | samarium | [Xe]4f66s2 | 7F0 | 05.643722000000 | 0.000021000000 | L21624 |
| 063 | Eu | europium | [Xe]4f76s2 | 8S°7/2 | 05.670385000000 | 0.000005000000 | L13382 |
| 064 | Gd | gadolinium | [Xe]4f75d6s2 | 9D°2 | 06.149800000000 | 0.000040000000 | L11798 |
| 065 | Tb | terbium | [Xe]4f96s2 | 6H°15/2 | 05.863800000000 | 0.000600000000 | L4277 |
| 066 | Dy | dysprosium | [Xe]4f106s2 | 5I8 | 05.939061000000 | 0.000006000000 | L22122 |
| 067 | Ho | holmium | [Xe]4f116s2 | 4I°15/2 | 06.021500000000 | 0.000600000000 | L4277 |
| 068 | Er | erbium | [Xe]4f126s2 | 3H6 | 06.107700000000 | 0.001000000000 | L4277 |
| 069 | Tm | thulium | [Xe]4f136s2 | 2F°7/2 | 06.184402000000 | 0.000009000000 | L22274 |
| 070 | Yb | ytterbium | [Xe]4f146s2 | 1S0 | 06.254160000000 | 0.000012000000 | L4980 |
| 071 | Lu | lutetium | [Xe]4f145d6s2 | 2D3/2 | 05.425871000000 | 0.000012000000 | L10494, L1638 |
| 072 | Hf | hafnium | [Xe]4f145d26s2 | 3F2 | 06.825070000000 | 0.000012000000 | L14027, L10033 |
| 073 | Ta | tantalum | [Xe]4f145d36s2 | 4F3/2 | 07.549571000000 | 0.000025000000 | L13153 |
| 074 | W | tungsten | [Xe]4f145d46s2 | 5D0 | 07.864030000000 | 0.000100000000 | L11604 |
| 075 | Re | rhenium | [Xe]4f145d56s2 | 6S5/2 | 07.833520000000 | 0.000110000000 | L11604 |
| 076 | Os | osmium | [Xe]4f145d66s2 | 5D4 | 08.438230000000 | 0.000200000000 | L8105 |
| 077 | Ir | iridium | [Xe]4f145d76s2 | 4F9/2 | 08.967020000000 | 0.000220000000 | L8105 |
| 078 | Pt | platinum | [Xe]4f145d96s | 3D3 | 08.958830000000 | 0.000100000000 | L9735, L11689 |
| 079 | Au | gold | [Xe]4f145d106s | 2S1/2 | 09.225554000000 | 0.000004000000 | L12088 |
| 080 | Hg | mercury | [Xe]4f145d106s2 | 1S0 | 10.437504000000 | 0.000006000000 | L11931, L11984 |
| 081 | Tl | thallium | [Hg]6p | 2P°1/2 | 06.108287300000 | 0.000001200000 | L16353 |
| 082 | Pb | lead | [Hg]6p2 | (1/2, 1/2)0 | 07.416679900000 | 0.000000600000 | L11569 |
| 083 | Bi | bismuth | [Hg]6p3 | 4S°3/2 | 07.285516000000 | 0.000006000000 | L10664, L6247 |
| 084 | Po | polonium | [Hg]6p4 | 3P2 | 08.418070000000 | 0.000004000000 | L20887, L20886 |
| 085 | At | astatine | [Hg]6p5 | 2P°3/2 | 09.317510000000 | 0.000080000000 | L18394 |
| 086 | Rn | radon | [Hg]6p6 | 1S0 | 10.748500000000 | L272, L7432 | |
| 087 | Fr | francium | [Rn]7s | 2S1/2 | 04.072741100000 | 0.000001100000 | L10714 |
| 088 | Ra | radium | [Rn]7s2 | 1S0 | 05.278423900000 | 0.000002500000 | L4979 |
| 089 | Ac | actinium | [Rn]6d7s2 | 2D3/2 | 05.380235000000 | 0.000012000000 | L22136, L17893 |
| 090 | Th | thorium | [Rn]6d27s2 | 3F2 | 06.306700000000 | 0.000250000000 | L15992 |
| 091 | Pa | protactinium | [Rn]5f26d7s2 | 4K11/2 | 05.890000000000 | 0.120000000000 | L16359 |
| 092 | U | uranium | [Rn]5f36d7s2 | 5L°6 | 06.194050000000 | 0.000060000000 | L5494, L7765 |
| 093 | Np | neptunium | [Rn]5f46d7s2 | 6L11/2 | 06.265608000000 | 0.000019000000 | L23048 |
| 094 | Pu | plutonium | [Rn]5f67s2 | 7F0 | 06.025760000000 | 0.000250000000 | L15992, L11260 |
| 095 | Am | americium | [Rn]5f77s2 | 8S°7/2 | 05.973810000000 | 0.000250000000 | L15992 |
| 096 | Cm | curium | [Rn]5f76d7s2 | 9D°2 | 05.992241000000 | 0.000020000000 | L22423 |
| 097 | Bk | berkelium | [Rn]5f97s2 | 6H°15/2 | 06.197850000000 | 0.000250000000 | L15992 |
| 098 | Cf | californium | [Rn]5f107s2 | 5I8 | 06.281878000000 | 0.000006000000 | L22260 |
| 099 | Es | einsteinium | [Rn]5f117s2 | 4I°15/2 | 06.368400000000 | 0.000060000000 | L22449 |
| 100 | Fm | fermium | [Rn]5f127s2 | 3H6 | 06.500000000000 | 0.070000000000 | L16359 |
| 101 | Md | mendelevium | [Rn]5f137s2 | 2F°7/2 | 06.580000000000 | 0.070000000000 | L16359 |
| 102 | No | nobelium | [Rn]5f147s2 | 1S0 | 06.626210000000 | 0.000050000000 | L20870 |
| 103 | Lr | lawrencium | [Rn]5f147s27p | 2P°1/2 | 04.960000000000 | 0.050000000000 | L21372 |
| 104 | Rf | rutherfordium | [Rn]5f146d27s2 | 3F2 | 06.020000000000 | 0.040000000000 | L19691 |
| 105 | Db | dubnium | [Rn]5f146d37s2 | 4F3/2 | 06.800000000000 | 0.500000000000 | L12825 |
| 106 | Sg | seaborgium | [Rn]5f146d47s2 | 0 | 07.800000000000 | 0.500000000000 | L7830 |
| 107 | Bh | bohrium | [Rn]5f146d57s2 | 5/2 | 07.700000000000 | 0.500000000000 | L13544 |
| 108 | Hs | hassium | [Rn]5f146d67s2 | 4 | 07.600000000000 | 0.500000000000 | L13544 |
| 109 | Mt | meitnerium | ? | ||||
| 110 | Ds | darmstadtium | ? | ||||
| 111 | Rg | roentgenium | ? | ||||
| 112 | Cn | copernicium | ? | ||||
| 113 | Nh | nihonium | ? | ||||
| 114 | Fl | flerovium | ? | ||||
| 115 | Mc | moscovium | ? | ||||
| 116 | Lv | livermorium | ? | ||||
| 117 | Ts | tennessine | ? | ||||
| 118 | Og | oganesson | ? |